23. Rhodostemonodaphne rufovirgata

Rhodostemonodaphne rufovirgata Madriñán

Brittonia 48: 58, fig. 7. 1996.

Type. French Guiana. Saül, Mont La Fumée, 24 Sep 1982 (stam. fl), Boom & Mori 1811 (holotype, NY; isotypes, CAY n.v., K, MO).

Local name and use.  French Guiana, Bala-oiu (Boni).  Used for making canoes.

Description

Trees: branches basitonic, in axils of cataphylls, precocious, the whole flush and branches being produced before elongation and lignification; twigs angular, soon becoming terete, 2–4 mm diam.; epidermis black, barely visible due to indument cover; terminal bud plump, ca. 4 X 4 mm; cataphylls persisting on current flush, up to 6 mm long; indument tomentose, persisting for at least two flushes, the hairs dense, up to 0.5 mm long, curved to crisped, erect, reddish. Leaves: petioles slender, 1.3–2.5 cm X 1.3–2 mm, terete; blades chartaceous, flat, narrowly elliptic, (7–)10–18(–22) X 2–6(–9) cm; base acute, 60–100°; apex attenuate, 70–80°, ultimately acuminate for up to 2.2(–3) cm; margin minutely recurved; primary vein above slightly raised and rounded, below raised and longitudinally furrowed; secondary veins 4(–5) pairs, equidistant, eucamptodromous, above flat, below raised, diverging at 40–65°, evenly arching, chordal angle 25–35°, the angle uniform along blade length; tertiary veins above flat, below raised, random-reticulate to scalariform; higher order veins above flat, below slightly raised; surface above reddish-brown in young leaves, olive-green in older leaves, below whitish to cream colored in young leaves, dark brown in older leaves; indument above absent, the primary and secondary veins tomentose, below tomentose, the hairs dense, up to 0.5 mm long, curved to crisped, erect, whitish, denser and reddish on the veins, caducous by next flush. Staminate inflorescences: along whole length of flush, erect, peduncles 6–14 cm long, the hypopodia 3–5 cm X 1.2–1.8 mm, branch orders 5, the second-order branches (3–)7–10, dispersed, lowest branch up to 3 cm long, color and indument of all axes as on twigs; bracts and bracteoles caducous (not seen). Staminate flowers: pedicels ca. 2.4 X 1 mm, the diameter even throughout; receptacle obconical, ca. 1.6 X 3.6 mm; tepals chartaceous, ovate, ca. 1.5 X 1.5 mm (inner whorl slightly smaller), at anthesis erect, reddish-brown, adaxially tomentose; stamens of whorls I and II minutely spathulate to lacking a distinct filament, the anthers reniform, ca. 1 X 0.8 mm, glabrous, the locelli 4, vertically elongate, apical, in a shallow arch, introrse, the glands absent; whorl III columnar, ca. 1.4 X 0.6 mm, glabrous, the locelli 4, the upper pair latrorse, the lower pair extrorse, the glands globular, ca. 0.6 mm diam.; whorl IV absent; all stamens reddish-brown; pistillode absent. Pistillate flowers unknown. Fruits: pedicels up to 20 X 4 mm, gradually enlarging to form the cupule; cupule hemispherical, up to 6 X 1 mm, smooth to wrinkled, the margin straight, tepals caducous; berry elliptic, up to 20 X 15 mm.

Field notes

Trees up to 20–27(–40) m tall and 25–35(–80) cm diam.; buttresses small or absent; outer bark rough, gray, brown, pockmarked, with easily falling scales, tan underneath; inner bark ca. 8 mm thick, orange; wood yellow. Receptacle yellow-green; tepals yellow-brown to orangeish; flowers with musty aroma. Cupule orange; berry ripening purple.

Distribution (Figure 13)

Originally described from central French Guiana, a recent collection from Guyana extending its range considerably; at 75–300 m elev., in rain forest.  Flowers September–October, during the dry season.

Additional specimens examined

Guyana. Rupununi: Iwokrama reserve, Mt. Daniel, 27 Feb 1995 (fr), Mutchnick 966 (MO, US n.v.).

Surinam. Marowijne: Nassau Gebergte, 24 Feb 1949 (st), Lanjouw & Lindeman 2300 (NY).

French Guiana: Saül, Mont La Fumée, 17 Oct 1982 (stam. fl), Mori et al. 15103 (CAY, NY); Fleuve Sinnamary, above Petit Saut, 27 Aug 1993 (st), Mori et al. 23393 (CAY n.v., NY); Saül, Eaux Claires, 5 Sep 1994 (stam. fl), Mori et al. 23832 (CAY n.v., GH, NY); St. Élie rd., Interfleuve Sinnamary-Counamama, 2 Oct 1989 (st), Prévost & Sabatier 2920 (CAY n.v., MO, U n.v.); Crique Arataye, Nouragues station, 4 Nov 1987 (st), Sabatier & Prévost 1975 (B n.v., CAY n.v., K n.v., MO, P n.v., U n.v.); St. Élie rd., Interfleuve Sinnamary-Counamama, 6 Aug 1991 (st), Sabatier & Prévost 3710 (MO); Crique Passoura, littoral region, 9 May 1992 (st), Sabatier & Prévost 4014 (B n.v., CAY n.v, MO, P n.v.); Crique Arataye, Sauts Parare, 6 Sep 1977 (st), Sastre 5901 (CAY, P n.v.); Saül, Eaux Claires, 9 Aug 1993 (st), van der Werff et al. 12954 (MO n.v., NY).

Discussion

Rhodostemonodaphne rufovirgata is distinctive in its flushing pattern–-new flushes together with leaves and lateral branches are produced before elongation and lignification of the twigs.  During flushes all plant organs are covered with a conspicuous red indument.  The small-leafed specimens of this species are vegetatively indistinguishable from those of R. mirecolorata; the larger-leafed specimens resemble those of R. crenaticupula.  However, the flowers of both these species are very different from those described above for R. rufovirgata.

Contact | Updated 28.07.2005 | ©2005 Santiago Madriñán