7. Rhodostemonodaphne cyclops

Rhodostemonodaphne cyclops Madriñán, sp. nov.

Type. Ecuador. Pichincha: Río Guajalito Reserve, 5 Jul 1991 (stam. fl), van der Werff, B. Gray, G. Tipas & J. Campaña 12190 (holotype, MO; isotypes, AAU, COL, GH, HBG, K, NY, QCA).

Foliis forma et indumento R. laxae similis, sed ramis crassis in sicco nigris, antherarum locellis superioribus plerumque vestigialibus differt.

The specific epithet alludes to the variable number of anther locelli due to fusion of the two upper ones or their vestigial nature, reminiscent of the one-eyed giant (often depicted with vestigial lateral eyes) of Greek mythology.

Description

Trees: branches basitonic, in axils of cataphylls or basal foliage leaves; twigs angular and remaining so for at least two flushes, 3–6 mm diam.; epidermis black; terminal bud plump, ca. 1 X 1 mm; cataphylls caducous; indument puberulous, caducous after one flush, the hairs dense, up to 0.3 mm long, straight to crisped, erect, yellowish. Leaves: petioles robust, 1.5–3 cm X 2–3 mm, adaxially flattened; blades chartaceous, flat, broadly elliptic, 10–20 X 6–13 cm; base obtuse to rounded, 90–150°; apex obtuse to rounded, 120–140°, (mucronate); margin flatmargin plane; primary vein above flat, below prominent; secondary veins 4–7 pairs, equidistant, brochidodromous, above slightly raised, below prominent, diverging at 50–60°, abruptly arching near margin (forked), chordal angle 35–40°, angle, the angle uniform along blade length; tertiary veins above slightly raised, below raised, random-reticulate to scalariform; higher order veins above and below slightly raised; surface above dark green to black, below brownish-green; indument above glabrousabsent, primary , the primary and secondary veins tomentose, below tomentose, the hairs sparse, up to 0.6 mm long, straight to crisped, erect, yellowish-brown, persisting for at least two flushes. Staminate inflorescences: basitonic to mesotonic, erect (curved upwards), peduncles 5–17 cm long, hypopodiathe hypopodia 2–8 cm X 1.5–2.5 mm, branch orders 5(–6), second-order , the second-order branches 2–8, dispersed or clustered apically, lowest branch up to 4 cm long, all axes blackish, sparsely puberulous; bracts caducous (not seen); bracteoles persistent or caducous, up to 3 mm long, adaxially glabrous. Staminate flowers: pedicels ca. 5.6 X 0.8 mm, the diameter gradually increasing apically; receptacle obconical, ca. 2.5 X 3.2 mm; tepals coriaceous, ovate, ca. 2.5 X 2 mm, at anthesis spreading, black, adaxially patchy puberulous; stamens of whorls I and II spathulate, anther , the anthersreniform, ca. 1 X 1.8 mm, puberulous, locelli, the locelli 3 to 4, apical, in a shallow arch, introrse, glands, the glands absent; whorl III capitate, ca. 1 X 0.8 mm, puberulous, locelli, the locelli 4, upperthe upper pair latrorse, lowerthe lower pair extrorse, glands, the glands fused, forming a continuous ring; whorl IV absent; all stamens blackish; pistillode teardrop-shaped, immersed within the receptacle, lacking a stigma, ca. 2 X 1 mm, glabrous. Pistillate flowers: pistil ca. 3.2 X 2 mm; ovary globose, ca. 2.4 mm long, glabrous. Fruits unknown.

Field notes

Trees up to 20 m tall, already flowering when 12 m tall; wood aromatic. Tepals green.

Distribution

Known only from the province of Pichincha, Ecuador.  Three of the four known specimens were collected in the “Río Guajalito” reserve near Quito, at 1850–2000 m elev.  Found in cloud forest and adjacent pastures.  Flowers June–September, during the dry season.

Additional specimens examined

Ecuador. Pichincha: Río Guajalito Reserve, 29 Jun 1991 (stam. fl), Jaramillo & Grijalva 13643 (NY); 9 Aug 1991 (pist. fl), Jaramillo & Grijalva 13676 (QCA, NY); Quito-Nono-Tandayapa-Los Bancos rd., between Tandayapa and the “Y” between Mindo and Los Bancos, 7 Sep 1986 (pist. fl), Zak 1163 (F, K, MO, NY, S, US).

Discussion

Rhodostemonodaphne cyclops is a very distinct species.  It has thick, but not very dense-wooded branches; the leaves are coriaceous, dark green to greenish–brown-drying, and the inflorescences long and stout.  All flowers examined had variable anther locelli number in whorls I & II, where the upper locelli where either present, vestigial or one missing.

Rhodostemonodaphne cyclops shares a number of characters with Rh.R. frontinensis to which it may be closely related.  They have similar, black-drying inflorescences, and flowers with a long receptacle and spreading, pointed tepals with a few adaxial hairs.
Contact | Updated 28.07.2005 | ©2005 Santiago Madriñán