27. Rhodostemonodaphne parvifolia

Rhodostemonodaphne parvifolia Madriñán

 

Type. Brazil. Amazonas: Mun. Manaus, Ducke Forest Reserve, 15 Aug 1963 (stam. fl), Rodrigues 5435 (holotype, NY).

Ex affinitate R. leptocladae, sed statura minore, ramulis tenuioribus, et foliis parvis subtus venatione plana distincta.

Named for its small leaves.  [Lat. parvus, small + folium, leaf].

Description

Shrubs: branches basitonic?, in axils of cataphylls; twigs terete, ca. 2 mm diam.; epidermis brownish; terminal bud slender, ca. 3 X 1 mm; cataphylls caducous; indument puberulous to absent, caducous after one flush, the hairs dense, up to 0.2 mm long, straight, spreading, ascending, golden. Leaves: petioles slender, 0.6–1 cm X ca 0.6 mm, adaxially flattened; blades chartaceous, flat, broadly ovate to elliptic, 3–8 X 1–5 cm; base obtuse to rounded, minutely decurrent, 90–110°; apex acute to obtuse, 50–80°, ultimately acuminate for up to 2 cm; margin plane; primary vein above and below slightly raised; secondary veins (1–)2–3(–4) pairs (strongly triplinerved), closer together towards the apex, brochidodromous, above impressed, below slightly raised, diverging at the first pair ca. 40° (minor secondary veins 60°), evenly arching, chordal angle the first pair ca. 25° (minor secondary veins 40°); tertiary veins above inconspicuous, below flat to impressed, random-reticulate; higher order veins above and below inconspicuous; surface above yellowish to greenish-brown, below light yellowish-brown; indument above absent, the veins tomentose, below minutely puberulous, the hairs isolated, up to 0.2 mm long, straight, spreading, ascending, yellowish-brown, caducous after one flush. Staminate inflorescences: basitonic, erect, peduncles ca. 5 cm long, the hypopodia ca. 3 cm X ca. 0.4 mm, branch orders 2, the second-order branches 3?, dispersed, lowest branch up to 0.5 cm long, color and indument of all axes as on twigs; bracts and bracteoles caducous (not seen). Staminate flowers: pedicels ca. 2.5 X 0.6 mm, the diameter even throughout; receptacle flat, ca. 0.5 X 1.4 mm; tepals membranaceous, elliptic, ca. 2 X 1 mm, at anthesis spreading, yellowish, translucent, adaxially tomentose; stamens of whorls I and II, the anthers sessile, laminar, obovate, ca. 1.2 X 1 mm, glabrous, the locelli 4, apical, in a shallow arch, introrse, the glands absent; whorl III columnar, ca. 1.2 X 0.6 mm, glabrous, the locelli 4, the upper pair latrorse, the lower pair extrorse, the glands fused, forming a continuous ring; whorl IV absent; all stamens reddish-brown; pistillode absent. Pistillate flowers unknown. Fruits: pedicels up to 14 X 3 mm, gradually enlarging to form the cupule; cupule trumpet-shaped, up to 5 X 7 mm, smooth, the margin undulate, tepals persisting; berry elliptic, up to 25 X 15 mm.

Field notes

Trees up to 6 m tall and 4 cm diam., already flowering when 3 m tall. Tepals green. Cupule red; berry green, ripening black.

Distribution (Figure 13)

Known only from the Ducke forest reserve near Manaus, at ca. 80 m elev., where it grows in non-inundated rain forest on sandy to loamy soils.  Flowers in August (one collection).  Fruits December–April, during the rainy season.

Additional specimens examined

Brazil. Amazonas: Mun. Manaus, Ducke Forest Reserve, 31 Dec 1963 (fr), Rodrigues 5649 (NY); 20 Feb 1964 (fr), Rodrigues 5717 (NY); 15 Apr 1964 (fr), Rodrigues 5763 (NY).

Discussion

Rhodostemonodaphne parvifolia is a very distinct species.  It is a small shrub with slender twigs, and its leaves are small, chartaceous, yellowish to greenish-brown, strongly acrodromous (triplinerved), and long acuminate.  It is closely related to R. leptoclada, both having similar flowers, yet the smaller stature, thinner twigs, smaller leaves with strongly acrodromous secondaries, and inconspicuous tertiary venation of R. parvifolia, warrant its recognition as a distinct species.  Vegetatively it is indistinguishable from the widespread and heterogeneous Endlicheria gracilis Kostermans.

Contact | Updated 29.07.2005 | ©2005 Santiago Madriñán