5. Rhodostemonodaphne juruensis

Rhodostemonodaphne juruensis (A. C. Smith) Chanderbali

Flora Neotropica 91: 124. 2004. Aniba juruensis A. C. Smith, Phytologia 1(3): 116. 1935. Endlicheria juruensis (A. C. Smith) Kostermans, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 34: 542. 1937. Type. Brazil: Amazonas, near mouth of Rio Embirá (tributary of Rio Tarauaca), Jun 1933 (pist. fl im fr), Krukoff 4775 (holotype, NY n.v.; isotypes, A n.v., F n.v., G n.v., K n.v., MO, U n.v.).

Local names.  Ecuador: yalté; Peru: moena.

Description

Trees: branches basitonic, in axils of cataphylls or basal foliage leaves; twigs angular and remaining so for at least two flushes, 2.5–3 mm diam.; epidermis black; terminal buds slender, ca. 5 X 2 mm; cataphylls caducous; indument puberulous, caducous after one flush, the hairs dense, up to 0.1 mm long, straight, appressed, reddish. Leaves: petioles slender, 1–2 cm X 1–1.5 mm, terete; blades chartaceous, flat, elliptic, (6–)9–18 X 3–6 cm; base acute, 50–80°; apex acute, 50–80°, acuminate for up to 2.5(–3)cm; margin flatmargin plane; primary vein above slightly impressed, below prominent; secondary veins 3–4(–5) pairs, equidistant, brochidodromous, those towards apex occasionally forked, above flat, below slightly raised, diverging at 40–60°, arching near base, chordal angle 20–30°, angle, the angle uniform along blade length; tertiary veins above and below slightly raised, random-reticulate to scalariform; higher order veins above and below slightly raised; surface above dark shiny brown, below light dull brown; indument above glabrousabsent, below puberulous, the hairs sparse, up to 0.3 mm long, straight, erect, yellowish, persisting for at least two flushes Staminate plant unknown. Pistillate inflorescence: acrotonic, erect (curved upwards), peduncles 4–8 cm long, hypopodiathe hypopodia 2–4 cm X 1–1.5 mm, branch orders 3, second-order , the second-order branches 5–6, dispersed, lowest branch up to 2 cm long, all axes blackish, sparsely puberulous, the hairs reddish; bracts and bracteoles caducous (not seen). Pistillate flowers: pedicels ca. 2 X 0.1 mm, the diameter gradually increasing apically; receptacle obconical, ca. 2 X 2 mm; tepals coriaceous, ovate, ca. 1 X 1 mm, at anthesis erect to spreading, black, adaxially patchy puberulous; staminodes of whorls I and II spathulate, anther , the anthersreniform, ca. 0.3 X 0.3 mm, glabrous, locelli, the locelli 4, apical, in a shallow arch, introrse (outer two often latrorse), glands, the glands absent; whorl III capitate, ca. 0.3 X 0.4 mm, glabrous, locelli, the locelli 4, upperthe upper pair latrorse, lowerthe lower pair extrorse, glands, the glands forming a continuous segmented ring; whorl IV absent; all stamens blackish; pistil ca. 1.5 X 0.5 mm; ovary globose, ca. 0.8 mm long, glabrous. Fruits:pedicels up to 20 X 3 mm, abruptly enlarging to form the cupule; cupule spreading up to 15 mm diameter, smooth, margin, the margin undulate; berry elliptic, up to 30 X 20 mm.

Field notes

Medium sized to large canopy trees (9–)20–25 m and 20–60 cm diam. Inner bark dark brown, aromatic.  Leaves shiny green.  Flowers creamy green or white with reddish tinge.  Fruits with dark reddish-orange cupule and black mature berries.

Distribution

Apparently widespread on the slopes of the Andes from Ecuador to Bolivia at (350–)700–1000 m elev.; in premontane to montane wet forests.  Flowers April to August, with fruits ripe by August.

Additional specimens examined

Ecuador. Charchi: Tulcan, parroquia Chical, sector Gualpi medio, Reserva indígena Awá, 23–27 May 1992 (pist. fl), Tipaz, Quelal & Cantincuz 1104 (MO); Morona-Santiago: along new road Méendez-Morona, 16 Aug 1989 (pist. fr), van der Werff & Gudiño 11136 (MO).

Peru. PERU. San Martín: Provincia Mariscal Cáceres, Distrito Tocache Nuevo, camino a Santa Rosa, 5 Aug 1973 (pist. fl), Schunke 6726 (MO).

Bolivia. La Paz: Franz Tamayo, Serranía de Chepite, Campamento Sísmico de Texaco, 3–8 Apr 1992 (pist. fl), Killeen 3832 (MO).

Discussion

This species is a close relative of the Andean species comprising the Rhodostemonodaphne laxa group (R. laxa, R. velutina, R. ovatifolia, R. cyclops, R. dioica & R. longiflora).  It shares with these the black drying flowers with obconical receptacles, and androecium forming a ring.

Contact | Updated 28.07.2005 | ©2005 Santiago Madriñán