The species descriptions have been generated entirely using the DELTA program (DEscription Language for TAxonomy, Dallwitz et al., 1993).  Thus all descriptions are strictly parallel and follow identical formatting parameters.  In cases of missing or inapplicable data, the relevant characters have been left out for ease of reading.

All measurements are taken from dry herbarium material except for those of flower parts, which were taken from rehydrated flowers.  When measurements are approximate they are indicated with a “ca.” preceding the value, otherwise normal ranges and in some cases extreme values (in parenthesis) are provided.  Variation in characters, where intermediates are observed, is indicated by “to”; where gaps between the character states are present, “or” is used.  An interrogation mark indicates that the information was not available to me directly and I have inferred the character state.

The colors described for different organs (e.g., leaf lamina, indument, tepals, anthers, etc.) are those observed in the dried specimens.  In many cases these differ considerably from colors observed from fresh materialwhich have sometimes been recorded on collection labels and given here separately.

The use of basitonic, mesotonic, or acrotonic for branches or inflorescences refers to their relative position along the length of a flush.  Twig diameter is measured to the nearest millimeter at approximately 5 cm below the terminal bud.  Indument terminology follows that proposed by Hewson (1988).  In all cases where a type of indument is mentioned, details of hair type and persistence are added.  Length of the longest hairs is given to the nearest tenth of millimeter.  Bud dimensions are given to the nearest millimeter, the diameter referring to the widest part of the bud.

Petiole length is given to the nearest millimeter; width to the nearest tenth of millimeter.  Leaf blade texture, as coriaceous or chartaceous, reflects a relative subjective indication of blade thickness when dry.  Blade length and width are measured to the nearest centimeter; length does not include the acumen.  Leaf characters, including overall shape, base and apex shape, and venation follow to a great extent the terminology of Hickey (1973).  Leaf base and apex angles are given to the nearest ten degrees.  Acumen/mucro length is given to the nearest millimeter.  Angles of divergence of the secondary veins are measured for the first centimeter of the vein, to the nearest five degrees.  Chordal angles of secondary veins, the angle made between the primary vein and a straight line traced between the origin of the vein and its point nearest to the margin, are measured to the nearest five degrees.

Peduncle length denotes the total length of the main axis of the inflorescence; it is measured to the nearest centimeter.   The hypopodium is the part of the peduncle below the first lateral branch; length is given to the nearest centimeter, width to the nearest tenth of millimeter.  Inflorescence branch orders are given assuming the peduncle to be a first order branch.  Length of the longest second order branch is given to the nearest millimeter.  Bracts and bracteoles, when persistent, are measured to the nearest tenth of millimeter.

Pedicel diameter is measured at the base of the pedicel and is given to the nearest tenth of millimeter.  Flower receptacle dimensions are given to the nearest tenth of millimeter; receptacle length is measured from where the pedicel shows an abrupt increase in diameter to the base of the outer tepals.  Outer tepal length and width are measured to the nearest tenth of mm.  Stamen and staminode dimensions are given approximately in tenths of millimeter.  Pistil dimensions are given as total length, and length and width of the ovary to the nearest tenth of millimeter.

Fruit pedicel length and width (near the base), cupule length and width, and berry length and width are measured to the nearest millimeter.

Descriptive information extracted from labels and field notes is provided in a separate paragraph.  This includes plant habit and size, buttress, bark, and wood characters.  Colors of organs observed on fresh material are also provided here and often differ from those observed on the dried specimens.  Measurement data taken from field labels have been transformed to metric when necessary.